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Background Chronic stress is commonly thought to have a net negative effect on the efficacy of the immune response, leading to an imbalance between host and parasite and consequently resulting in a periodontal breakdown. Aim To identify the prevalence of chronic periodontitis and chronic stress as well as a comparative evaluation of clinical, demographic, and psychoanalytical parameters among the South Indian population. Materials and methods A total of 500 subjects between the ages of 30 and 60 were chosen from the Trivandrum district, Kerala, using multistage random sampling. Subjects were evaluated based on psychoanalytical parameters as well as periodontal examination. Psychoanalytical parameters were measured by the questionnaire method using the perceived stress scale. Periodontal parameters examined were the probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, simplified oral hygiene index, and community periodontal index (loss of attachment). Statistical Analysis Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the periodontal variables and psychoanalytical variables. All the statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp., USA). Results A total of 500 subjects, of whom 308 (61.6%) were female and 192 (38.1%) were male, participated in this study. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among all the subjects was found to be 42.4%, and the proportion of periodontitis among the stressed participants was found to be 46.2%, which is 10% higher compared to the non-stressed (36.1%) participants. Conclusion Our study showed an increased frequency of periodontitis among the stressed subjects as compared to the non-stressed subjects. These findings suggest that there is a positive association between chronic stress and chronic periodontitis, but further prospective studies are required to establish the extent of the effect chronic stress has on chronic periodontitis and vice versa.
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The role of neurogenic inflammation in various systemic diseases has been well established, but there is a dearth of studies and evidence regarding its role in periodontitis. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence in establishing the role of neurogenic inflammation in chronic periodontitis. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were reviewed. We analyzed studies of any design that compared and evaluated the presence of neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neurokinin A, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in systemically healthy patients with and without periodontitis. We screened 2,495 articles and abstracts electronically and manually, which yielded 191 articles relevant to our study. Full-text examination of these 191 articles led to the final inclusion of 14 publications. Most studies here confirmed an association between various neuropeptides and periodontitis, but there is a high heterogeneity between the studies, making it necessary to clarify the mechanism between these two. Although most studies included in this review found a positive association between neurogenic inflammation and periodontitis, the evidence is of moderate to low quality.
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AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to consider friction in buccal segment attachments during overjet reduction by means of sliding mechanics. Friction was compared in Stainless Steel, Titanium and Cobalt Chromium brackets, using Stainless Steel and Beta Titanium wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in-vitro study comprised 18 samples (6 x 3 brackets of different materials-stainless steel, titanium and cobalt chromium). Each jig comprised of a buccal segment model of two premolar brackets and a molar tube simulating the upper posterior buccal segment. Each jig was coupled with the wire of 0.019 x 0.025 inch dimension and was tested with a Universal Testing Machine. Ligation was achieved using low friction elastomeric modules (Slide, Leone, Italy), a non-conventional elastomeric module. RESULTS: All three bracket systems showed significantly higher frictional forces for the beta titanium wire than for the stainless steel wire. When coupled with the stainless steel wire, the titanium bracket showed the least friction, followed by stainless steel and cobalt chromium brackets. When coupled with the beta titanium wire, the titanium brackets again showed the least friction; while the difference in frictional levels between the stainless steel and cobalt chromium brackets was not statistically significant. The titanium brackets showed the least friction among all the groups tested for both wires. CONCLUSION: Titanium bracket with Beta Titanium wires could and probably should be the alternative metal bracket used in the nickel sensitive patient.
